Violations
Unfair Labor Practices
Last updated September 3, 2025Unfair Labor Practices (“ULPs”) violate rights guaranteed by the National Labor Relations Act (“NLRA”). The NLRA is a federal law that grants employees the right to form or join unions and engage in protected concerted activities to address or improve working conditions. It also grants the National Labor Relations Board (“NLRB”), an independent federal agency, the authority to enforce these protections. When workers believe their employer has committed a ULP, the worker, the relevant union, or another representative may file a charge with their local NLRB regional office. The process may result in an Order from the NLRB to the employer directing the employer to end the illegal practice (“Board Order” or “BO”), a settlement between the employer and charging party (“Informal Settlement”), or the case being dismissed/withdrawn. The following charts include the employers with the largest number of alleged and adjudicated NLRA violations occurring in New York City worksites. They include both closed cases — where the cases ended in Board Orders or Informal Settlements — and open cases, where the outcome has yet to be determined.
There are many impediments that workers and their representatives face in filing ULPs and forming unions. Consistent with research showing the prevalence of interference in unionization efforts, such as a 2019 Economic Policy Institute study that found that ULPs occur in “41.5% of all union election campaigns,”[1] open cases are included in this dashboard, despite the outcomes not being fully concluded.
Closed Cases
Includes cases that were closed in 2023 and 2024 by Informal Settlements at New York City worksites. The number of violations for each employer are totals for the entire dataset, including employers that had multiple filings against them.
Unfair Labor Practice Violations for Cases Resulting in Informal Settlements, NYC Employers
2024
2023
Includes cases that were closed in 2023 by Board Orders (“BO”) including: “Non-Compliance w/BO,” “Compliance w/BO,” and “Partial Compliance w/ BO," at New York City worksites.
Unfair Labor Practice Violations in 2023-2024, Cases Closed via Board Orders, NYC Employers
Open Cases
These cases are charges filed by workers and unions and are still in process, as the outcomes of these cases have yet to be determined:
Open Unfair Labor Practice Cases, More than 27 Alleged Violations, 2020 - 2024
Amazon is the only employer listed on this chart due to the difference in scale of open ULPs, in comparison to other employers.
Open Unfair Labor Practice Cases, Between 15 and 27 Alleged Violations, 2020 - 2024
Includes cases that were opened in 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024 and remain open as of July 1st, 2024, where the worksite is located within New York City. The number of violations for each employer are totals for the entire dataset, containing some employers that had multiple cases filed against them. The charts list those employers with nine or more alleged ULP violations.